Physiol. Genomics AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism
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Physiol. Genomics 32: 142-153, 2007. First published October 16, 2007; doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00258.2006
1094-8341/07 $8.00
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Received 22 November 2006; accepted in final form 10 October 2007.
Physiological Genomics 32:142-153 (2007)
1094-8341/07 $8.00 © 2007 American Physiological Society

Characterization and functional divergence of the {alpha}1-adrenoceptor gene family: insights from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Xi Chen 1, Steve F. Perry 1, Stéphane Aris-Brosou 1,2, Corrado Selva 1 and Thomas W. Moon 1

1 Department of Biology and Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics
2 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Presently, three {alpha}1-adrenoceptor (AR) types are recognized in vertebrates: {alpha}1A-, {alpha}1B-, and {alpha}1D-ARs. These {alpha}1-subtypes have distinct pharmacology and molecular profiles, play crucial roles in metabolic and vascular control, and are the targets for numerous pharmaceuticals, especially those affecting blood pressure and vascular resistance. To better understand the functional divergence within the {alpha}1-AR gene family, we sequenced these {alpha}1-AR paralogs in the rainbow trout and performed an extensive phylogenetic analysis. We show that these AR genes evolved by duplication events just before the origin of the jawed vertebrates. Our computational analyses suggest that the differences between the three {alpha}1-AR subtypes may affect their tissue specificity, ligand specificity, and possibly signal transduction processes and desensitization. We also show that, within each subtype, differences exist between fish and mammalian receptors, both at the transcriptional and at the physiological level. These differences, however, suggest that the role of {alpha}1-ARs in fish is more complex than previously thought. Our integrated analysis of the {alpha}1-AR gene family suggests that these receptors evolved these distinct features very early within vertebrates.

positive selection; blood pressure; duplication events; fish; gene family






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