Physiol. Genomics AJP: Advances in Physiology Education
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Physiol. Genomics 21: 144-151, 2005. First published February 15, 2005; doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00312.2004
1094-8341/05 $8.00
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Received 27 December 2004; accepted in final form 7 February 2005.
Physiological Genomics 21:144-151 (2005)
1094-8341/05 $8.00 © 2005 American Physiological Society

Call For Papers: Comparative Genomics

Evolution of vertebrate E protein transcription factors: comparative analysis of the E protein gene family in Takifugu rubripes and humans

Jun-ichi Hikima 1, Mara L. Lennard 1, Melanie R. Wilson 2, Norman W. Miller 2, L. William Clem 2 and Gregory W. Warr 1

1 Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
2 Department of Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi

E proteins are essential for B lymphocyte development and function, including immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangement and expression. Previous studies of B cells in the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) identified E protein homologs that are capable of binding the µE5 motif and driving a strong transcriptional response. There are three E protein genes in mammals, HEB (TCF12), E2A (TCF3), and E2-2 (TCF4). The major expressed E proteins found in catfish B cells are homologs of HEB and of E2A. Here we sought to define the complete family of E protein genes in a teleost fish, Takifugu rubripes, taking advantage of the completed genome sequence. The catfish CFEB (HEB homolog) sequence identified homologous E-protein-encoding sequences in five scaffolds in the Takifugu genome database. Detailed comparative analysis with the human genome revealed the presence of five E protein homologs in Takifugu. Single genes orthologous to HEB and to E2-2 were identified. In contrast, two members of the E2A gene family were identified in Takifugu; one of these shows the alternative processing of transcripts that identifies it as the ortholog of the E12/E47-encoding mammalian E2A gene, whereas the second Takifugu E2A gene has no predicted alternative splice products. A novel fifth E protein gene (EX) was identified in Takifugu. Phylogenetic analysis revealed four E protein branches among vertebrates: EX, E2A, HEB, and E2-2.

comparative immunology; phylogeny; gene structure; catfish






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