In mammals, the type II Melanoma Antigen (MAGE) protein family is constituted by at least ten closely related members that are expressed in different tissues, including the nervous system. These proteins are believed to regulate cell cycle withdrawal, neuronal differentiation and apoptosis. However, the analysis of their specific function has been complicated by functional redundancy. In accordance with previous studies in teleosts and Drosophila, we present evidence that only one Mage gene exists in genomes from protists, fungi, plants, nematodes, insects and non-mammalian vertebrates. We have identified the chicken Mage gene and cloned the cDNA encoding the chick MAGE protein (CMAGE). CMAGE shares close homology with the type II MAGE protein family and, as previously shown for the type II MAGE proteins Necdin and MAGE-G1, it can interact with the transcription factor E2F-1. CMAGE is expressed in specific regions of the developing nervous system including the retinal ganglion cell layer, the ventral horn of the spinal cord and the dorsal root ganglia, in coincidence with the expression of the neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75^NTR) in these regions. We show that the intracellular domain of p75^NTR can interact with both CMAGE and Necdin, thus preventing the binding of the latter proteins to the transcription factor E2F-1, and facilitating the proapoptotic activity of E2F-1 in N1E-115 differentiating neurons. The presence of a single Mage gene in the chicken genome, together with the close functional resemblance between CMAGE and Necdin, makes this species ideal to further analyze signal transduction through type II MAGE proteins.