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1 Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NIAS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
2 Institute of the Society for Techno-innovation of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, STAFF, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
3 Hitachi Software Engineering Co. Ltd., Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
4 Agilent Technologies Inc., Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
5 Agilent Technologies Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA
6 Laboratory of Genome Sequencing and Analysis Group, Foundation for the Advancement of International Science, FAIS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
7 Laboratory of Genome Sequencing and Analysis Group, Foundation for the Advancement of International Science, FAIS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
8 Laboratory for Genome Exploration Research Group, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, RIKEN, Genomic Sciences Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
9 Genome Science Laboratory, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
10 Laboratory for Genome Exploration Research Group, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, RIKEN, Genomic Sciences Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; Genome Science Laboratory, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: skikuchi{at}nias.affrc.go.jp.
We collected and completely sequenced 32127 full-length complementary DNA clones from Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica cv. 'Nipponbare'. Mapping of these clones to genomic DNA revealed approximately 20500 transcription units (TUs) in the rice genome. For each TU, we selected 60-mers using an algorithm that took into account some DNA conditions such as base composition, sequence complexity. Using in situ synthesis technology, we constructed oligonucleotide arrays with these TUs on glass slides. We targeted RNAs prepared from normally grown rice callus and from callus treated with abscisic acid (ABA) or gibberellin (GA). We identified 200 ABA- and 301 GA-responsive genes, many of which had never before been annotated as ABA or GA responsive in other expression analysis. Comparison of these genes revealed antagonistic regulation of almost all by both hormones; they had previously been annotated as being responsible for protein storage and defense against pathogens. Comparison of the cis elements of genes responsive to 1 or antagonistic to both hormones revealed that the antagonistic genes had cis elements related to ABA- and GA-responses. The genes responsive to only 1 hormone were rich in cis elements that supported ABA- and GA-responses. In a search for the phenotypes of mutants in which a retrotransposon was inserted these hormone-responsive genes, we identified phenotypes related to seed formation or plant height, including sterility, vivipary, and dwarfism. In comparison of cis elements for hormone response genes between rice and Arabidopsis thaliana, we identified cis elements for dehydration-stress response as Arabidopsis-specific and for protein-storage as rice-specific.
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