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1 Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States
2 Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States; Sector of Medicine, Scuola Superiore S. Anna, Pisa, Italy
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: caroline_ojaimi{at}nymc.edu.
Our aim was to determine the changes in the gene expression profile occurring during the transition from compensated dysfunction (CD) to decompensated heart failure (HF) in pacing-induced dilated cardiomyopathy. Twelve chronically instrumented dogs underwent left ventricular pacing at 210 beats/min for 3 weeks and at 240 beats thereafter and 4 normal dogs were used as control. The transition from CD to HF occurred between the 3rd to 4th week of pacing, with end-stage HF at 28±1 days. RNA was extracted from left ventricular tissue at control, 3 and 4 weeks of pacing (n=4) and tested with the Affymetrix Canine Array. 509 genes were differentially expressed in CD versus control (P
0.05; fold change
±2), with 362 increasing and 147 decreasing. 526 genes were differentially expressed in HF versus control (P
0.05; fold change
±2), with 439 increasing and 87 decreasing. To better understand the transition, we compared gene alterations at 3 versus 4 weeks pacing and found that only 30 genes differed (P
0.05; fold change
±2). We conclude that a number of processes including normalization of gene regulation during decompensation, appearance of new up-regulated genes and maintenance of gene expression all contribute to the transition to overt heart failure with an unexpectedly small number of genes differentially regulated.
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