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1 Department of Physiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
2 Department of Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
3 Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: sergey.kasparov{at}bristol.ac.uk.
Adenoviral vectors (AVV) are widely used as tools for exploring gene function in studies of the central autonomic control but the cellular specificity of the promoters commonly used in these vectors has not been studied. We evaluated AVV with four "wide-spectrum" promoters, human cytomegalovirus promoter (HCMV), synapsin1 promoter (Syn1), tubulin 
1 promoter (T1) and neuron specific enolase (NSE) for their ability to express EGFP within the dorsal vagal complex and the adjacent brainstem. They were compared with the PRSx8 promoter, specifically designed to target catecholaminergic neurons. AdHCMVEGFP, AdSyn1EGFP-WHE (woodchuck hepatitis enhancer element), AdT1EGFP and AdNSEEGFP were unable to drive expression of EGFP in DBH-immunoreactive neurons of the A2 cell group, although the adjacent dorsal vagal motonucleus and especially hypoglossal motoneurons did express high levels of EGFP. AdPRSx8EGFP efficiently drove EGFP expression in the A2 cell group but also in choline acetyltransferase-positive vagal motoneurons. However, catecholaminergic neurons could be selectively and efficiently transduced via a retrograde route by injecting the vector into their target areas. Thus, AVV with "wide-spectrum" promoters have strikingly different activity in the diverse cellular populations within brainstem cardiovascular control centers. The PRSx8 promoter is a valuable tool for the study of the role of catecholaminergic neurons.
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