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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print November 12, 2002
Physiol Genomics, 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00082.2002
Submitted on July 8, 2002
Accepted on November 7, 2002
1 Zoology and Genetics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
2 Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
3 Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
4 Zoology and Genetics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
5 Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
6 Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA; Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
7 Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: abroniko{at}iastate.edu.
We present the first quantitative gene expression analysis of cardiac aging under conditions of sedentary and active lifestyles using high density oligonucleotide arrays representing 11,904 cDNAs and ESTs. With these data, we test the hypothesis that exercise attenuates the gene expression changes that normally occur in the aging heart. Male mice (Mus domesticus) were sampled from the 16th generation of selective breeding for high voluntary exercise. For the selective breeding protocol, breeders were chosen based on the maximum number of wheel revolutions run on days five and six of a test at eight weeks of age. For the colony sampled herein, mice were housed individually over their entire lifetimes (from weaning) either with or without access to running wheels. The hearts of these two treatment groups (active and sedentary) were assayed at middle age (20 months) and old age (33 months). Genes significantly affected by age in the hearts of the sedentary population by at least a 50% expression change (n = 137) were distributed across several major categories, including inflammatory response, stress response, signal transduction, and energy metabolism. Genes significantly affected by age in the active population were fewer (n = 62). Of the 42 changes in gene expression that were common to both treatment groups, 32 (72%) displayed smaller fold-changes as a result of exercise. Thus, exercise offset many age-related gene expression changes observed in the hearts of the sedentary animals. These results suggest that adaptive physiological mechanisms that are induced by exercise can retard many effects of aging on heart muscle at the transcriptional level.
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