Physiol. Genomics AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
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Physiol. Genomics (October 2, 2001). doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00040.2001
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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print October 2, 2001
Physiol Genomics, 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00040.2001
Submitted on May 30, 2001
Accepted on September 10, 2001

A Compendium of Gene Expression in Normal Human Tissues Reveals Tissue-Selective Genes and Distinct Expression Patterns of Housekeeping Genes

Li-Li Hsiao1, Fernando Dangond2, Takumi Yoshida1, Robert Hong1, Roderick V Jensen3, Jatin Misra4, William Dillon1, Kailin Lee1, Kathryn Clark1, Peter Haverty5, Zhiping Weng6, George L Mutter7, Matthew P Frosch2, Marcy E MacDonald8, Edgar L Milford1, Christopher P Crum9, Raphael Bueno10, Richard E Pratt11, Mamatha Mahadevappa12, Janet A Warrington12, Gregory Stephanopoulos4, George Stephanopoulos4, and Steven R Gullans1*

1 Medicine, Renal Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
2 Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
3 Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA
4 Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institutes of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
5 Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
6 Biomedical Engineering, Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
7 Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
8 The Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
9 Pathology, Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
10 Surgery, Thorcic Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
11 Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
12 Affymetrix Inc., Santa Clara, MA, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: sgullans{at}rics.bwh.harvard.edu.

This study creates a compendium of gene expression in normal human tissues suitable as a reference for defining basic organ systems biology. Using oligonucleotide microarrays we analyze 59 samples representing 19 distinct tissue types. Of ~ 7000 genes analyzed, 451 genes are expressed in all tissue types and designated as housekeeping genes. These genes display significant variation in expression levels among tissues and are sufficient for discerning tissue-specific expression signatures, indicative of fundamental differences in biochemical processes. In addition, subsets of tissue-selective genes are identified that define key biological processes characterizing each organ. This compendium highlights similarities and differences among organ systems and different individuals and also provides a publicly available resource (www.hugeindex.org) for future studies of pathophysiology.




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