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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print June 18, 2002
Physiol Genomics, 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00004.2002
Submitted on January 17, 2002
Accepted on June 10, 2002
1 Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
2 Program in Molecular Biology, Department of Celular and Structural Biology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA; Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Sandy.Martin{at}uchsc.edu.
Hibernators in torpor dramatically reduce their metabolic, respiratory and heart rates, and core body temperature. These extreme physiological conditions are frequently and rapidly reversed during the winter hibernation season via endogenous mechanisms. This phenotype must derive from regulated expression of the hibernator's genome; to identify its molecular components, a cDNA subtraction was used to enrich for seasonally-upregulated mRNAs in liver of golden-mantled ground squirrels. The relative steady-state levels for seven mRNAs identified by this screen, plus five others, were measured and analyzed for seasonal and stage-specific differences using kinetic RT-PCR. Four mRNAs show seasonal upregulation in which all five winter stages differ significantly from and are higher than summer (
-2-macroglobulin, apolipoprotein A1, cathepsin H, and thyroxine-binding globulin). One of these mRNAs, -2-macroglobulin, varies during the winter stages with significantly lower levels at late torpor. None of the twelve mRNAs increased during torpor. The implications for these newly-recognized upregulated mRNAs for hibernation as well as more global issues of maintaining steady-state levels of mRNA during torpor are discussed.
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