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Physiol. Genomics 39: 227-235, 2009. First published September 8, 2009; doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00082.2009 Free Article
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Received 12 May 2009; accepted in final form 2 September 2009.
Physiological Genomics 39:227-235 (2009)
Copyright © 2009 the American Physiological Society © 2009 American Physiological Society

Research Articles

Changes in behavior and gene expression induced by caloric restriction in C57BL/6 mice

Yuta Yamamoto 1, Toshihito Tanahashi 1, Tomoko Kawai 1, Sachiko Chikahisa 2, Sakurako Katsuura 1, Kensei Nishida 1, Shigetada Teshima-Kondo 1, Hiroyoshi Sei 2 and Kazuhito Rokutan 1

Departments of 1Stress Science and
2Integrative Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan

Caloric restriction (CR) is an effective method for prevention of age-associated diseases as well as overweight and obesity; however, there is controversy regarding the effects of dieting regimens on behavior. In this study, we investigated two different dieting regimens: repeated fasting and refeeding (RFR) and daily feeding of half the amount of food consumed by RFR mice (CR). CR and RFR mice had an approximate 20% reduction in food intake compared with control mice. Open field, light-dark transition, elevated plus maze, and forced swimming tests indicated that CR, but not RFR, reduced anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, with a reduction peak on day 8. Using a mouse whole genome microarray, we analyzed gene expression in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hypothalamus. In addition to the CR-responsive genes commonly modified by RFR and CR, each regimen differentially changed the expression of distinct genes in each region. The most profound change was observed in the amygdalas of CR mice: 884 genes were specifically upregulated. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that these 884 genes significantly modified nine canonical pathways in the amygdala. {alpha}-Adrenergic and dopamine receptor signalings were the two top-scoring pathways. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the upregulation of six genes in these pathways. Western blotting confirmed that CR specifically increased dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein (Darpp-32), a key regulator of dopamine receptor signaling, in the amygdala. Our results suggest that CR may change behavior through altered gene expression.

anxiety; depression; mouse amygdala; Ingenuity Pathway Analysis






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