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Invited Review

Genetic programs and responses of neural stem/progenitor cells during demyelination: potential insights into repair mechanisms in multiple sclerosis

¹ Center for Neurologic Diseases, Partners MS Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital
² Department of Neurology, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts 02115

In recent years, it has become evident that the adult mammalian CNS contains a population of neural stem cells (NSCs) described as immature, undifferentiated, multipotent cells, that may be called upon for repair in neurodegenerative and demyelinating diseases. NSCs may give rise to oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and other myelinating cells. This article reviews recent progress in elucidating the genetic programs and dynamics of NSC and OPC proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, including the response to demyelination. Emerging knowledge of the molecules that may be involved in such responses may help in the design of future stem cell-based treatment of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.

neural stem cells; experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; neuroregeneration; cytokines; neural transplantation; neurodegeneration

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